Trump and his supporters have accused Cheney of betraying the Republican Party, with some even calling for the prosecution of those involved in the investigation. Cheney, in particular, faced intense criticism for her high-profile role and was removed from her position as House GOP leadership in 2021. In 2022, she lost her re-election bid.

Following the announcement of the award, Republicans from Cheney's home state of Wyoming expressed their displeasure. Sen. John R-Wyo., criticized Biden's decision, saying Cheney does not represent the values of Wyoming, accusing her of fostering partisanship and division.

Fox News contributor Jason Chaffetz and Rep. Byron  R-Fla., also expressed their disapproval of the award, calling it offensive and indicative of Biden's disregard for Americans' concerns. Chaffetz argued that the January 6 committee was biased and aimed at attacking Trump, while  described the recognition as part of the larger failures of the Biden administration.

Other Republican leaders, including House Oversight Committee Chairman James Comer, R-Ky., also joined in the criticism, calling the award an insult to individuals who truly deserve recognition for their public service or sacrifice. They claimed that Biden had overlooked deserving individuals such as first responders, military personnel, and humanitarians in favor of those involved in what they labeled a "fake" investigation.